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Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 80(4): 306-315, ago. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-759065

ABSTRACT

ANTECEDENTES: La morbimortalidad materna y neonatal está incrementada en adolescentes y gestantes sin control prenatal o con una mala adherencia. OBJETIVO: Identificar la influencia de la adolescencia y su entorno sobre la adherencia al control prenatal y su impacto sobre la prematuridad y/o bajo peso al nacer y la mortalidad neonatal. MÉTODOS: Estudio de casos y controles, realizado con 570 adolescentes y 2093 gestantes ≥20 años de edad, cuyos neonatos fueron hospitalizados en una unidad neonatal. Las asociaciones se determinaron mediante Odds Ratio, con su intervalo de confianza de 95%, empleándose la regresión logística en el análisis multivariado. Para la construcción del Modelo con Árboles de Clasificación y Regresión se emplearon variables que en el bivariado hubieran tenido un valor p<0,05. RESULTADOS: La edad materna 13-19 años se halló asociada a mala adherencia al control prenatal, después de ajustarse por escolaridad <11 años, carencia de esposo o compañero permanente, carencia de seguridad social en salud y antecedente de gravidez ≥2 gestaciones. Esta mala adherencia al control prenatal se asoció con aumento de riesgo de prematuridad y/o bajo peso al nacer y de la mortalidad neonatal. CONCLUSIONES: La adolescencia se halló independientemente asociada a una mala adherencia al control prenatal, sin embargo, existen otros determinantes importantes de esta mala adherencia, que a su vez se halló asociada con prematuridad y/o bajo peso al nacer, y con mortalidad neonatal.


BACKGROUND: Maternal morbidity and neonatal mortality is increased in adolescents and pregnant women without prenatal care or poor adherence. OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence of adolescence and its surroundings on adherence to prenatal care and its impact on prematurity and/or low birth weight and neonatal mortality. METHODS: Case-control study, conducted with 570 pregnant adolescents and 2093 ≥20 years of age whose infants were hospitalized in a neonatal unit. Associations were determined by Odds Ratio with confidence interval of 95%, using the multivariate logistic regression analysis. To build the model with Classification and Regression Trees variables in the bivariate had had a p<0.05 was used. Results: Maternal age 13-19 was found associated with poor adherence to prenatal care, after adjusting for schooling <11 years, lack of spouse or life partner, lack of social security in health and pregnancy history of ≥2 pregnancies. This poor adherence to prenatal care was associated with increased risk of prematurity and/or low birth weight and increased neonatal mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The teen was found independently associated with poor adherence to prenatal care, but there are other important determinants of poor adherence, which in turn was found associated with prematurity and/or low birth weight, and neonatal mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Prenatal Care , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Environment , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Premature , Case-Control Studies , Logistic Models , Odds Ratio , Infant Mortality , Multivariate Analysis , Maternal Age , Patient Compliance , Educational Status
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